The Journal of Wilderness and Environmental Medicine (WEMJ 2019; 30(4): 412e6) has a study on improvised cervical collars that was conducted by a group at the University of Utah. They used a model soft improvised C-Collar of a rolled up fleece, similar to a common model we use in the...

How far must one fall to have a mechanism for spine injury? We don’t know. It depends on the height of the fall, how you land, the surface on which you land, your age and other factors. As a guideline, the WFA and WFR Scope of Practice documents incorporate mechanisms...